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Shareholders can be individuals or organizations who invest money into a company through the purchase of shares. The performance of the company and the ability to pay dividends, determines whether they make either a profit or lose. They also gain from the possibility of capital appreciation, which occurs when the value of shares increases over time. The rights and privileges of shareholders may vary based on state laws and the terms of a corporation’s charter or bylaws.
In general, there are two types of shareholders that are common stockholders (common stock) and preferred share owners. Common shareholders are large in number and are entitled to vote at shareholder meetings. They can participate in the process of making decisions and review reports. Preferred shareholders can receive preferential dividends, and they are more valuable than ordinary shares in liquidation.
The term «shareholder» can also refer to a person who owns bonds or debentures issued by the company. These are debt instruments that give the investor the right of an exact rate of return on their investment. The investors are not usually involved in the daily operations of the company, however their interests could be represented in the body that governs the business.
Investors who purchase shares of an organization with a specific goal in mind, for instance the acquisition of new markets or technologies are referred to as strategic shareholders. This kind of shareholder is an essential element of a family-owned business because they are aware of the scope of the project and the possibilities of it and are willing to take on risk for the return on their investment.
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