Operating system data is the function set that enables the wide range of software applications to function efficiently in the computer. The functions support functions like processes management, memory management, device management, file systems, in addition to security and monitoring of performance.

A fundamental function of the OS is managing CPU time and hardware resources. The OS decides which processes receive the processor’s attention and controls how programs interact with each in order to not interfere with one another. This includes scheduling processes, determining which applications will be run and ensuring that each one has enough memory to run its own program.

Some operating systems use techniques known as paging or segmentation to manage memory. These techniques decompose memory into segments that are then mapped to RAM and then out as needed. This technique boosts RAM without adding new hardware.

Operating systems also have to manage input and output from devices such as printers, disk drives, etc. The OS handles the communication between the application software and the hardware by installing and managing device driver. It also creates the device-status tables, which contains information about devices that are ready to read or writing, as well as the number of processes that are waiting for them.

The operating system also manages long-term, non-volatile storage by using file system that are based on devices such as disks and tapes. It manages access to files and storage, optimizes use of storage devices, and maintains security and user rights.

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